Central sleep apnea is less common and occurs when the brain fails to send the appropriate signals to the muscles that control breathing. Unlike OSA, the airway is not blocked, but the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe. Individuals with central sleep apnea may experience difficulty staying asleep, frequent awakenings, and shortness of breath.

Sleep apnea can have a significant impact on an individual's health and quality of life. Common symptoms include:

1. Loud snoring: Often noticed by a bed partner.
2. Pauses in breathing: Witnessed by others or self-awareness of choking or gasping during sleep.
3. Excessive daytime sleepiness: Feeling tired and fatigued during the day, even after a full night's sleep.
4. Morning headaches: Caused by the decrease in oxygen levels during sleep.
5. Difficulty concentrating: Impaired cognitive function and memory.

Several factors increase the risk of developing sleep apnea, including:

1. Obesity: Excess weight, especially in the neck area, can contribute to airway blockage.
2. Age: Sleep apnea is more common in older adults.
3. Gender: Men are more likely to have sleep apnea than women, although the risk for women increases if they are overweight, and it may be underdiagnosed in women.
4. Family history: A family history of sleep apnea may increase the risk.
5. Smoking: Smokers are at a higher risk due to inflammation and fluid retention in the airway.

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